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Erik K. Alexander, MD


  View Physician Profile

Associate Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School

Brigham and Women's Hospital
Department of Medicine
Endocrinology
75 Francis Street
Boston, MA 02115



Research Narrative:

Dr. Alexander currently participates in clinical research involving thyroid disease and pregnancy, and thyroid nodules & thyroid cancer. He has investigated the timing and onset of increased levothyroxine requirement during gestation.  These data demonstrate that thyroid hormone requirements increase early in gestation, and increase approximately 40% throughout pregnancy.  These findings have translated into broad clinical recommendation for patients.  Current clinical guidelines recommend that all women the known, treated hypothyroidism optimize thyroid function prenatally, and once pregnant, increase their levothyroxine by 2 additional tablets weekly of their current daily dosage of levothyroxine.  By doing so, the risk of maternal and fetal hypothyroidism (and their adverse complications) are substantially reduced. 

Separate, Dr. Alexander's research has focused on the clinical understanding and optimal diagnostic strategies for patients with thyroid nodular disease.  Dr. Alexander maintains the largest U.S. registry of consecutive thyroid nodules evaluated and aspirated via a multidisciplinary approach.   These data from over 6,000 consecutive patients with clinically relevant thyroid nodules have provided insight into how such nodules are optimally evaluated.  For example, data from this registry confirms that patients with multiple thyroid nodules >1cm require aspirations of multiple nodules as opposed to previous misconceptions that only the largest nodules should be evaluated.  

Most recently, Dr. Alexander has led a national, multi-center study validating the Afirma gene expression classifier for thyroid nodule evaluation.   These data confirm the ability of this test to significantly expand our pre-operative risk assessment for patients wtih cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules, and by doing so also reduces the extent of unnecessary surgery.

 
Education: Northwestern University Medical School , 1997, MD
 
Honors/Awards: Board of Directors, American Thyroid Association
 
Courses Taught: 2005-2012, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Principle Clinical Experience, Overall 3rd Year clinical experience for Harvard Medical Students

2002-2012, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Internal Medicine Clerkship - 3rd Year, Core 3rd Year clerkship in Internal Medicine

2002-2012, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 4th Year Subinternship in Internal Medicine

 
Keywords (MeSH): Brain Neoplasms
Radiosurgery
Stereotaxic Techniques
Thyroid Nodule
Thyroid Neoplasms
Clinical Clerkship
Neurosurgery
Hypothyroidism
 
Link to PubMed: View Alexander's Publications in PubMed.
 

Publications (Pulled from Harvard Catalyst Profiles):

1. Alexander EK, Osman NY, Walling JL, Mitchell VG. Why Reforms Must Be Made to Make the Dean's Letter Useful. Acad Med. 2013 Apr; 88(4):434-5.

2. Alexander EK, Osman NY, Walling JL, Mitchell VG. A standardized approach to grading clerkships: hard to achieve and not worth it anyway. Acad Med. 2013 Mar; 88(3):296.

3. Frates MC, Marqusee E, Benson CB, Alexander EK. Subacute Granulomatous (de Quervain) Thyroiditis: Grayscale and Color Doppler Sonographic Characteristics. J Ultrasound Med. 2013 Mar; 32(3):505-11.

4. Hadd AG, Houghton J, Choudhary A, Sah S, Chen L, Marko AC, Sanford T, Buddavarapu K, Krosting J, Garmire L, Wylie D, Shinde R, Beaudenon S, Alexander EK, Mambo E, Adai AT, Latham GJ. Targeted, high-depth, next-generation sequencing of cancer genes in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and fine-needle aspiration tumor specimens. J Mol Diagn. 2013 Mar; 15(2):234-47.

5. Kamran SC, Marqusee E, Kim MI, Frates MC, Ritner J, Peters H, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, Cibas ES, Barletta J, Cho N, Gawande A, Ruan D, Moore FD, Pou K, Larsen PR, Alexander EK. Thyroid nodule size and prediction of cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Feb; 98(2):564-70.

6. Rhee CM, Alexander EK, Bhan I, Brunelli SM. Hypothyroidism and Mortality among Dialysis Patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Apr; 8(4):593-601.

7. Hauer KE, O'Brien BC, Hansen LA, Hirsh D, Ma IH, Ogur B, Poncelet AN, Alexander EK, Teherani A. More is better: students describe successful and unsuccessful experiences with teachers differently in brief and longitudinal relationships. Acad Med. 2012 Oct; 87(10):1389-96.

8. Kim MI, Alexander EK. Diagnostic use of molecular markers in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Endocr Pract. 2012 Sep 1; 18(5):796-802.

9. De Groot L, Abalovich M, Alexander EK, Amino N, Barbour L, Cobin RH, Eastman CJ, Lazarus JH, Luton D, Mandel SJ, Mestman J, Rovet J, Sullivan S. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Aug; 97(8):2543-65.

10. Alexander EK, Osman NY, Walling JL, Mitchell VG. Variation and imprecision of clerkship grading in U.S. medical schools. Acad Med. 2012 Aug; 87(8):1070-6.

show all
11. Hauer KE, Hirsh D, Ma I, Hansen L, Ogur B, Poncelet AN, Alexander EK, O'Brien BC. The role of role: learning in longitudinal integrated and traditional block clerkships. Med Educ. 2012 Jul; 46(7):698-710.

12. Alexander EK, Kennedy GC, Baloch ZW, Cibas ES, Chudova D, Diggans J, Friedman L, Kloos RT, LiVolsi VA, Mandel SJ, Raab SS, Rosai J, Steward DL, Walsh PS, Wilde JI, Zeiger MA, Lanman RB, Haugen BR. Preoperative diagnosis of benign thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. N Engl J Med. 2012 Aug 23; 367(8):705-15.

13. O'Brien BC, Poncelet AN, Hansen L, Hirsh DA, Ogur B, Alexander EK, Krupat E, Hauer KE. Students' workplace learning in two clerkship models: a multi-site observational study. Med Educ. 2012 Jun; 46(6):613-24.

14. Alexander EK, Larsen PR. Radioiodine for thyroid cancer--is less more? N Engl J Med. 2012 May 3; 366(18):1732-3.

15. Rhee CM, Bhan I, Alexander EK, Brunelli SM. Association between iodinated contrast media exposure and incident hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 2012 Jan 23; 172(2):153-9.

16. Dichtel LE, Alexander EK. Preventing and treating maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2011 Dec; 18(6):389-94.

17. Pernar LI, Peyre SE, Warren LE, Gu X, Lipsitz S, Alexander EK, Ashley SW, Breen EM. Mini-clinical evaluation exercise as a student assessment tool in a surgery clerkship: lessons learned from a 5-year experience. Surgery. 2011 Aug; 150(2):272-7.

18. Alexander EK. Autoimmunity: thyroid autoantibodies and pregnancy risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 Sep; 7(9):501-2.

19. Roh MH, Jo VY, Stelow EB, Faquin WC, Zou KH, Alexander EK, Larsen PR, Marqusee E, Benson CB, Frates MC, Gawande A, Moore FD, Cibas ES. The predictive value of the fine-needle aspiration diagnosis "suspicious for a follicular neoplasm, hurthle cell type" in patients with hashimoto thyroiditis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011 Jan; 135(1):139-45.

20. Gordon JA, Alexander EK, Lockley SW, Flynn-Evans E, Venkatan SK, Landrigan CP, Czeisler CA. Does simulator-based clinical performance correlate with actual hospital behavior? The effect of extended work hours on patient care provided by medical interns. Acad Med. 2010 Oct; 85(10):1583-8.

21. Yassa L, Marqusee E, Fawcett R, Alexander EK. Thyroid hormone early adjustment in pregnancy (the THERAPY) trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jul; 95(7):3234-41.

22. Brim NM, Venkatan SK, Gordon JA, Alexander EK. Long-term educational impact of a simulator curriculum on medical student education in an internal medicine clerkship. Simul Healthc. 2010 Apr; 5(2):75-81.

23. Alexander EK. Here's to you, baby! A step forward in support of universal screening of thyroid function during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr; 95(4):1575-7.

24. Alexander EK. Thyroid function: the complexity of maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009 Sep; 5(9):480-1.

25. Krupat E, Pelletier S, Alexander EK, Hirsh D, Ogur B, Schwartzstein R. Can changes in the principal clinical year prevent the erosion of students' patient-centered beliefs? Acad Med. 2009 May; 84(5):582-6.

26. Alexander EK, Mandel SJ. Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease during Pregnancy . DeGroot & Jameson's ENDOCRINOLOGY. 2009; (release pending).

27. Alexander EK. Approach to the patient with a cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodule. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Nov; 93(11):4175-82.

28. Alexander EK. Perspective: moving students beyond an organ-based approach when teaching medical interviewing and physical examination skills. Acad Med. 2008 Oct; 83(10):906-9.

29. Alexander EK. Viewpoint: Moving Students Beyond an ‘Organ-based’ Approach when Teaching Medical Interviewing and Physical Examination Skills. Acad Med. 2008; 83(10):906-915.

30. Alexander EK. Thyroid Nodule Fine Needle Aspiration. Physcians' Information and Education Resource. 2008.

31. Alexander EK. Does exposure to childhood radiation influence the development of thyroid nodular disease and thyroid cancer risk? Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Nov; 4(11):590-1.

32. Alexander EK. Thyroid Diseases. Brigham Board Review in Internal Medicine. Loscalzo J, Singh AK (eds). 2008.

33. Alexander EK, Jhiang SM. Welcome to the 79th Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2008; 18(Suppl 1):S3-S4.

34. Krupat E, Pelletier S, Alexander EK, Schwartzstein R, Calderwood S. Establishment of a "Principal Clinical Year" and effects of Patient-Centered Attitudes: Results of a Pilot Study at Harvard Medical School. Acad Med. 2008; Epub ahead of print.

35. Cibas ES, Alexander EK, Benson CB, de Agustín PP, Doherty GM, Faquin WC, Middleton WD, Miller T, Raab SS, White ML, Mandel SJ. Indications for thyroid FNA and pre-FNA requirements: a synopsis of the National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference. Diagn Cytopathol. 2008 Jun; 36(6):390-9.

36. Alexander EK. Diabetes Mellitus and Ketoacidosis. Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine - American College of Physicians (CDIM-ACP) Essentials for Clerkship Students 2.0. 2008.

37. Alexander EK. Is surgery indicated for all large thyroid nodules?. Clinical Thyroidology. 2008; 20(1):6.

38. Alexander EK. Thyroid Disease. Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine - American College of Physicians (CDIM-ACP) Essentials for Clerkship Students 2.0. 2008.

39. Alexander EK. Commentary: Thyroid nodules 4cm or larger should be considered for thyroid lobectomy. Clinical Thyroidology. 2008; 20(1):6.

40. Yassa L, Cibas ES, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Gawande AA, Moore FD, Kim BW, Nosé V, Marqusee E, Larsen PR, Alexander EK. Long-term assessment of a multidisciplinary approach to thyroid nodule diagnostic evaluation. Cancer. 2007 Dec 25; 111(6):508-16.

41. Yassa L, Cibas ES, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Gawande AA, Moore FD, Kim BW, Nose V, Marqusee E, Larsen PR, Alexander EK. Long-term Assessment of a Multisiciplinary Approach to Thyroid Nodule Diagnostic Evaluation. Cancer Cytopathology. 2007; 111(6):580.

42. Fawcett R, Alexander EK. Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism. McKean S, Bennett AL, and Halasyamani L (eds). Hospital Medicine - Just the Facts. 2007.

43. Alexander EK. Invited Expert Testimony, Massachusetts Public Health Council. 2007.

44. Scheurer D. Nosocomial Infections. Hospital Physician. Internal Medicine Board Review Manual (Erik K Alexander MD, Series Editor). 2007; 2-24.

45. Alexander EK. Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules. Physicians' Information and Education Resource (PIER). 2007.

46. Rawizza H, Sax PE. Management of HIV Infection. Hospital Physician. Internal Medicine Board Review Manual (Erik K Alexander MD, Series Editor). 2007; 2-17.

47. Alexander EK. Thyroid Disease. Alguire PC (ed). Internal Medicine Essentials for Clerkship Students. 2007.

48. Alexander EK. Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Alguire PC (ed). Internal Medicine Essentials for Clerkship Students. 2007.

49. Kritek PA. Asthma; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Hospital Physician. Internal Medicine Board Review Manual (Erik K Alexander MD, Series Editor). 2007; 1-23.

50. Kim PJ, Coblyn JS. Management of Acute and Chronic Gout. Hospital Physician. Internal Medicine Board Review Manual (Erik K Alexander MD, Series Editor). 2007; 2-19.

51. Desai J, Yassa L, Marqusee E, George S, Frates MC, Chen MH, Morgan JA, Dychter SS, Larsen PR, Demetri GD, Alexander EK. Hypothyroidism after sunitinib treatment for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Nov 7; 145(9):660-4.

52. Jayesh Desai MD, Leila Yassa MD, Ellen Marqusee MD, Suzanne George MD, Mary C. Frates MD, Ming Hui Chen MD, Jeffrey A. Morgan MD, Samuel S. Dychter MD, P. Reed Larsen MD, George D. Demetri MD, and Erik K. Alexander MD. Hypothyroidism after Sunitinib Treatment for Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Ann Int Med. 2006; 145(9):660-664.

53. Alexander EK, Bloom N, Falchuk KH, Parker M. Using a web-based, iterative education model to enhance clinical clerkships. Acad Med. 2006 Oct; 81(10):925-31.

54. Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, Kunreuther E, Contreras M, Cibas ES, Orcutt J, Moore FD, Larsen PR, Marqusee E, Alexander EK. Prevalence and distribution of carcinoma in patients with solitary and multiple thyroid nodules on sonography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep; 91(9):3411-7.

55. Alexander EK. Diabetes and Ketoacidosis. Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine - American College of Physicians (CDIM-ACP) Essentials for Clerkship Students. 2006.

56. Alexander, EK. Thyroid Disease. Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine - American College of Physicians (CDIM-ACP) Essentials for Clerkship Students. 2006.

57. Holm IA, Manson JE, Michels KB, Alexander EK, Willett WC, Utiger RD. Smoking and other lifestyle factors and the risk of Graves' hyperthyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Jul 25; 165(14):1606-11.

58. Alexander EK, Klibanski A. "Medical Management of Pituitary Adenomas". Black PM, Loeffler JS, eds. Cancer of the Nervous System. 2005; 411-426.

59. McMahon GT, Monaghan C, Falchuk K, Gordon JA, Alexander EK. A simulator-based curriculum to promote comparative and reflective analysis in an internal medicine clerkship. Acad Med. 2005 Jan; 80(1):84-9.

60. Alexander EK, Marqusee E, Orcutt J, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Cibas ES, Atri A. Thyroid nodule shape and prediction of malignancy. Thyroid. 2004 Nov; 14(11):953-8.

61. Alexander EK, Bloom N, Falchuk KH, Parker M. Web-based, Iterative assessment with targeted teaching in the Medicine Clerkship. [abstract presentation] 2004 CDIM National Meeting. 2004.

62. Kunreuther E, Orcutt J., Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Cibas ES, Moore FD, Larsen PR, Marqusee E, and Alexander EK . The predictive value of fine needle aspiration cytology from the dominant (largest) thyroid nodule in a multinodular goiter. [abstract submission]. 76th Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association, Vancouver, BC. 2004.

63. Alexander EK, Marqusee E, Lawrence J, Jarolim P, Fischer GA, Larsen PR. Timing and magnitude of increases in levothyroxine requirements during pregnancy in women with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jul 15; 351(3):241-9.

64. Alexander EK, Bloom N, Falchuk KH, Parker M. Iterative, Web-based weekly assessment as a means of ongoing formative assessment in the Core Medicine Clerkship. (Instruction Manual for Educators and Curriculum Plan). 2004.

65. Alexander EK, Dluhy RD. "Aldosterone Excess". In Degroot L, editor. Endotext (online textbook). 2nd Edition. Published online at: www.endotext.org. 2004; 1-15.

66. Alexander EK, Dluhy RD. "Adrenal Insufficiency and Adrenal Cancer". Molitch ME, editor. Challenging Cases in Endocrinology. 2004; 137-154.

67. Alexander EK, Monaghan C, McMahon G, Gordon JA, Falchuk KH. Concise Instructor's Guide: A 90-minute Curriculum Model for Promotion of Reflective and Comparative Analysis in the Internal Medicine Clerkship (Instruction manual for Educators, and Faculty Development tool). 2004.

68. Holm IA, Manson JE, Michels KB, Alexander EK, Willett WC, and Utiger RD. . Smoking and Obesity and the development of Graves' Hyperthyroidism. [abstract submission] 86th Annual meeting of the Endocrine Society. New Orleans, LA. 2004.

69. Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, Marqusee E, Contreras S, Cibas ES, Alexander EK, and Larsen PR. Liklelihood of Thyroid Cancer Based on Sonographic Assessment of Nodule Size and Composition. [abstract submission] - 90th Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL. 2004.

70. Nikiforova MN, Lynch RA, Biddinger PW, Alexander EK, Dorn GW, Tallini G, Kroll TG, Nikiforov YE. RAS point mutations and PAX8-PPAR gamma rearrangement in thyroid tumors: evidence for distinct molecular pathways in thyroid follicular carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 May; 88(5):2318-26.

71. French CA, Alexander EK, Cibas ES, Nose V, Laguette J, Faquin W, Garber J, Moore F, Fletcher JA, Larsen PR, Kroll TG. Genetic and biological subgroups of low-stage follicular thyroid cancer. Am J Pathol. 2003 Apr; 162(4):1053-60.

72. Alexander EK, Hurwitz S, Heering JP, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Cibas ES, Larsen PR, Marqusee E. Natural history of benign solid and cystic thyroid nodules. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 18; 138(4):315-8.

73. Alexander EK, Frates MC, Benson CB, Marqusee E, Doubilet PM. Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis: Sonographic Characteristics. [abstract submission] - 89th Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, IL. 2003.

74. Alexander EK, Robinson M, Staniec M, Dluhy RG. Peripheral amino acid and fatty acid infusion for the treatment of necrolytic migratory erythema in the glucagonoma syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002 Dec; 57(6):827-31.

75. Alexander EK, Heering JP, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Cibas ES, Marqusee E. Assessment of nondiagnostic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations of thyroid nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Nov; 87(11):4924-7.

76. Alexander EK, Larsen PR. High dose of (131)I therapy for the treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Mar; 87(3):1073-7.

77. Alexander EK, Dluhy RD. "Aldosterone Excess". In Degroot L, editor. Endotext (online textbook). 1st Edition. Published online at: www.endotext.org. 2002; 1-15.

78. Alexander EK, Dluhy RG. "Cushing's Syndrome". Conlin PR, McIver B, editors. Hospital physician endocrinology board review manual. 2002; 4, Pt. 4:1-11.

79. Primavera J, Nikas DC, Zamani AA, Shafman T, Alexander E, De Girolami U, Louis DN. Clear cell pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: case report. Acta Neuropathol. 2001 Oct; 102(4):404-8.

80. Hagan H, Thiede H, Weiss NS, Hopkins SG, Duchin JS, Alexander ER. Sharing of drug preparation equipment as a risk factor for hepatitis C. Am J Public Health. 2001 Jan; 91(1):42-6.

81. Alexander E. 3131C--World War II neurosurgery. J Neurosurg. 2000 Nov; 93(5):901-4.

82. Fairbrother G, Kuttner H, Miller W, Hogan R, McPhillips H, Johnson KA, Alexander ER. Findings from case studies of state and local immunization programs. Am J Prev Med. 2000 Oct; 19(3 Suppl):54-77.

83. Jackson LA, Keene WE, McAnulty JM, Alexander ER, Diermayer M, Davis MA, Hedberg K, Boase J, Barrett TJ, Samadpour M, Fleming DW. Where's the beef? The role of cross-contamination in 4 chain restaurant-associated outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Pacific Northwest. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Aug 14-28; 160(15):2380-5.

84. Stieg PE, Friedlander RM, Loeffler JS, Alexander E. Arteriovenous malformations: indications for stereotactic radiosurgery. Clin Neurosurg. 2000; 47:242-8.

85. Black PM, Alexander E, Martin C, Moriarty T, Nabavi A, Wong TZ, Schwartz RB, Jolesz F. Craniotomy for tumor treatment in an intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging unit. Neurosurgery. 1999 Sep; 45(3):423-31; discussion 431-3.

86. Schwartz RB, Hsu L, Wong TZ, Kacher DF, Zamani AA, Black PM, Alexander E, Stieg PE, Moriarty TM, Martin CA, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA. Intraoperative MR imaging guidance for intracranial neurosurgery: experience with the first 200 cases. Radiology. 1999 May; 211(2):477-88.

87. Zerr DM, Alexander ER, Duchin JS, Koutsky LA, Rubens CE. A case-control study of necrotizing fasciitis during primary varicella. Pediatrics. 1999 Apr; 103(4 Pt 1):783-90.

88. Alexander E, Loeffler JS. The role of radiosurgery for glial neoplasms. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1999 Apr; 10(2):351-8.

89. Alexander E, Loeffler JS. The case for radiosurgery. Clin Neurosurg. 1999; 45:32-40.

90. Shrieve DC, Alexander E, Black PM, Wen PY, Fine HA, Kooy HM, Loeffler JS. Treatment of patients with primary glioblastoma multiforme with standard postoperative radiotherapy and radiosurgical boost: prognostic factors and long-term outcome. J Neurosurg. 1999 Jan; 90(1):72-7.

91. Mitsumori M, Shrieve DC, Alexander E, Kaiser UB, Richardson GE, Black PM, Loeffler JS. Initial clinical results of LINAC-based stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy for pituitary adenomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998 Oct 1; 42(3):573-80.

92. Schwartz RB, Hsu L, Kacher DF, Wong TZ, Alexander E, Okon S, Guttmann CR, Black PM, Kelley RA, Moriarty T, Martin C, Isbister HG, Cahill CD, Spaulding SA, Jolesz FA. Intraoperative dynamic MRI: localization of sites of brain tumor recurrence after high-dose radiotherapy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1998 Sep-Oct; 8(5):1085-9.

93. Schwartz RB, Hsu L, Black PM, Alexander E, Wong TZ, Klufas RA, Moriarty T, Martin C, Isbister HG, Cahill CD, Spaulding SA, Kanan AR, Jolesz FA. Evaluation of intracranial cysts by intraoperative MR. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1998 Jul-Aug; 8(4):807-13.

94. Schwartz RB, Holman BL, Polak JF, Garada BM, Schwartz MS, Folkerth R, Carvalho PA, Loeffler JS, Shrieve DC, Black PM, Alexander E. Dual-isotope single-photon emission computerized tomography scanning in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: association with patient survival and histopathological characteristics of tumor after high-dose radiotherapy. J Neurosurg. 1998 Jul; 89(1):60-8.

95. Alexander E. Neurosurgery in Chicago: Allen Buckner Kanavel revisited. Surg Neurol. 1998 Mar; 49(3):339-41.

96. Hakim R, Alexander E, Loeffler JS, Shrieve DC, Wen P, Fallon MP, Stieg PE, Black PM. Results of linear accelerator-based radiosurgery for intracranial meningiomas. Neurosurgery. 1998 Mar; 42(3):446-53; discussion 453-4.

97. Chang EL, Loeffler JS, Riese NE, Wen PY, Alexander E, Black PM, Coleman CN. Survival results from a phase I study of etanidazole (SR2508) and radiotherapy in patients with malignant glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998 Jan 1; 40(1):65-70.

98. Alexander E, Loeffler JS. Radiosurgery for primary malignant brain tumors. Semin Surg Oncol. 1998 Jan-Feb; 14(1):43-52.

99. Black PM, Moriarty T, Alexander E, Stieg P, Woodard EJ, Gleason PL, Martin CH, Kikinis R, Schwartz RB, Jolesz FA. Development and implementation of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and its neurosurgical applications. Neurosurgery. 1997 Oct; 41(4):831-42; discussion 842-5.

100. Schulder M, Black PM, Shrieve DC, Alexander E, Loeffler JS. Permanent low-activity iodine-125 implants for cerebral metastases. J Neurooncol. 1997 Jul; 33(3):213-21.

101. Alexander E. The debt of neurosurgery to William Stewart Halsted (1852-1922) Surg Neurol. 1997 May; 47(5):506-11.

102. Alexander E, Moriarty TM, Kikinis R, Black P, Jolesz FM. The present and future role of intraoperative MRI in neurosurgical procedures. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1997; 68(1-4 Pt 1):10-7.

103. Schulder M, Black PM, Alexander E, Loeffler JS. The influence of Harvey Cushing on neuroradiologic therapy. Radiology. 1996 Dec; 201(3):671-4.

104. Varlotto JM, Shrieve DC, Alexander E, Kooy HM, Black PM, Loeffler JS. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of acoustic neuromas: preliminary results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996 Aug 1; 36(1):141-5.

105. Alexander E, Loeffler JS. Recurrent brain metastases. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1996 Jul; 7(3):517-26.

106. Patrice SJ, Sneed PK, Flickinger JC, Shrieve DC, Pollock BE, Alexander E, Larson DA, Kondziolka DS, Gutin PH, Wara WM, McDermott MW, Lunsford LD, Loeffler JS. Radiosurgery for hemangioblastoma: results of a multiinstitutional experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996 Jun 1; 35(3):493-9.

107. Alexander E. Harvey Cushing. J Neurosurg. 1996 Jun; 84(6):1077.

108. Kikinis R, Gleason PL, Moriarty TM, Moore MR, Alexander E, Stieg PE, Matsumae M, Lorensen WE, Cline HE, Black PM, Jolesz FA. Computer-assisted interactive three-dimensional planning for neurosurgical procedures. Neurosurgery. 1996 Apr; 38(4):640-9; discussion 649-51.

109. Moriarty TM, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA, Black PM, Alexander E. Magnetic resonance imaging therapy. Intraoperative MR imaging. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1996 Apr; 7(2):323-31.

110. Alexander E, Moriarty TM, Loeffler JS. Radiosurgery for metastases. J Neurooncol. 1996 Mar; 27(3):279-85.

111. Schulder M, Loeffler JS, Howes AE, Alexander E, Black PM. Historical vignette: The radium bomb: Harvey Cushing and the interstitial irradiation of gliomas. J Neurosurg. 1996 Mar; 84(3):530-2.

112. Alexander E, Moriarty TM, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA. Innovations in minimalism: intraoperative MRI. Clin Neurosurg. 1996; 43:338-52.

113. Wen PY, Fine HA, Black PM, Shrieve DC, Alexander E, Loeffler JS. High-grade astrocytomas. Neurol Clin. 1995 Nov; 13(4):875-900.

114. Alexander E, Kooy HM, van Herk M, Schwartz M, Barnes PD, Tarbell N, Mulkern RV, Holupka EJ, Loeffler JS. Magnetic resonance image-directed stereotactic neurosurgery: use of image fusion with computerized tomography to enhance spatial accuracy. J Neurosurg. 1995 Aug; 83(2):271-6.

115. Stokes MA, Soriano SG, Tarbell NJ, Loeffler JS, Alexander E, Black PM, Rockoff MA. Anesthesia for stereotactic radiosurgery in children. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 1995 Apr; 7(2):100-8.

116. Shrieve DC, Alexander E, Wen PY, Fine HA, Kooy HM, Black PM, Loeffler JS. Comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery and brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Neurosurgery. 1995 Feb; 36(2):275-82; discussion 282-4.

117. Alexander E, Moriarty TM, Davis RB, Wen PY, Fine HA, Black PM, Kooy HM, Loeffler JS. Stereotactic radiosurgery for the definitive, noninvasive treatment of brain metastases. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Jan 4; 87(1):34-40.

118. Foy HM, Swenson PD, Freitag-Koontz MJ, Boase J. Surveillance for transmission of hepatitis B in child day care. Pediatrics. 1994 Dec; 94(6 Pt 2):1002-4.

119. Dunbar SF, Tarbell NJ, Kooy HM, Alexander E, Black PM, Barnes PD, Goumnerova L, Scott RM, Pomeroy SL, La Vally B, et al. Stereotactic radiotherapy for pediatric and adult brain tumors: preliminary report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994 Oct 15; 30(3):531-9.

120. Bodis S, Alexander E, Kooy H, Loeffler JS. The prevention of radiosurgery-induced nausea and vomiting by ondansetron: evidence of a direct effect on the central nervous system chemoreceptor trigger zone. Surg Neurol. 1994 Sep; 42(3):249-52.

121. Wen PY, Alexander E, Black PM, Fine HA, Riese N, Levin JM, Coleman CN, Loeffler JS. Long term results of stereotactic brachytherapy used in the initial treatment of patients with glioblastomas. Cancer. 1994 Jun 15; 73(12):3029-36.

122. Riese NE, Loeffler JS, Wen P, Alexander E, Black PM, Coleman CN. A phase I study of etanidazole and radiotherapy in malignant glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994 Jun 15; 29(3):617-20.

123. Wen PY, Alexander E, Loeffler JS. Stereotactic radiosurgery treats intracranial lesions. Diagn Imaging (San Franc). 1994 May; 16(5):76-80, 107.

124. Hughes-Davies L, Mannarino E, Alexander E, Kooy H, Loeffler JS. Technical modifications required to treat cervical chemodactomas with stereotactic radiosurgery. Surg Neurol. 1994 May; 41(5):418-20.

125. Shrieve DC, Tarbell NJ, Alexander E, Kooy HM, Black PM, Dunbar S, Loeffler JS. Stereotactic radiotherapy: a technique for dose optimization and escalation for intracranial tumors. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 1994; 62:118-23.

126. Gleason PL, Kikinis R, Altobelli D, Wells W, Alexander E, Black PM, Jolesz F. Video registration virtual reality for nonlinkage stereotactic surgery. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1994; 63(1-4):139-43.

127. Haregewoin A, Alexander E, Black PM, Loeffler JS. Autocrine regulation of the production of the gaseous messenger nitric oxide in a glioblastoma cell line. Exp Cell Res. 1994 Jan; 210(1):137-9.

128. Burkey D, Alexander EK, Hanusa T. Encapsulated Alkaline-Earth Metallocenes. Kinetic stabilization of Mono[tetraisopropylcyclopentadienyl]calcium Complexes. Organometallics. 1994; 13:2773-86.

129. Tishler RB, Loeffler JS, Lunsford LD, Duma C, Alexander E, Kooy HM, Flickinger JC. Tolerance of cranial nerves of the cavernous sinus to radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993 Sep 30; 27(2):215-21.

130. Black PM, Tarbell NJ, Alexander E, Rockoff M, Zhan MS, Loeffler J. Stereotactic techniques in managing pediatric brain tumors. Childs Nerv Syst. 1993 Sep; 9(6):343-6; discussion 347.

131. Alexander E. Glioblastoma revisited: do clinical observations match basic science theory? Radiosurgery: clinical observations. J Neurooncol. 1993 Aug; 17(2):167-73.

132. Kooy HM, Nedzi LA, Alexander E, Loeffler JS, Ledoux RJ. Dose-volume histogram computations for small intracranial volumes. Med Phys. 1993 May-Jun; 20(3):755-60.

133. Nedzi LA, Kooy HM, Alexander E, Svensson GK, Loeffler JS. Dynamic field shaping for stereotactic radiosurgery: a modeling study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993 Apr 2; 25(5):859-69.

134. Loeffler JS, Alexander E. Radiosurgery in the definitive management of CNS malignancies. Front Radiat Ther Oncol. 1993; 27:227-44.

135. Alexander E, Loeffler JS, Schwartz RB, Johnson KA, Carvalho PA, Garada BM, Zimmerman RE, Holman BL. Thallium-201 technetium-99m HMPAO single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging for guiding stereotactic craniotomies in heavily irradiated malignant glioma patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1993; 122(3-4):215-7.

136. Carvalho PA, Schwartz RB, Alexander E, Garada BM, Zimmerman RE, Loeffler JS, Holman BL. Detection of recurrent gliomas with quantitative thallium-201/technetium-99m HMPAO single-photon emission computerized tomography. J Neurosurg. 1992 Oct; 77(4):565-70.

137. Loeffler JS, Alexander E, Shea WM, Wen PY, Fine HA, Kooy HM, Black PM. Radiosurgery as part of the initial management of patients with malignant gliomas. J Clin Oncol. 1992 Sep; 10(9):1379-85.

138. Alexander E. Craniopharyngioma of the posterior fossa. Neurosurgery. 1992 Mar; 30(3):461.

139. Hurwitz SJ, Coleman CN, Riese N, Loeffler JS, Alexander E, Buswell L, Neben TY, Shargel L, Kramer RA. Distribution of etanidazole into human brain tumors: implications for treating high grade gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1992; 22(3):573-6.

140. Alexander E, Loeffler JS. Radiosurgery using a modified linear accelerator. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1992 Jan; 3(1):167-90.

141. Coleman CN, Noll L, Riese N, Buswell L, Howes AE, Loeffler JS, Alexander E, Wen P, Harris JR, Kramer RA, et al. Final report of the phase I trial of continuous infusion etanidazole (SR 2508): a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1992; 22(3):577-80.

142. Schwartz RB, Carvalho PA, Alexander E, Loeffler JS, Folkerth R, Holman BL. Radiation necrosis vs high-grade recurrent glioma: differentiation by using dual-isotope SPECT with 201TI and 99mTc-HMPAO. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1991 Nov-Dec; 12(6):1187-92.

143. Kooy HM, Nedzi LA, Loeffler JS, Alexander E, Cheng CW, Mannarino EG, Holupka EJ, Siddon RL. Treatment planning for stereotactic radiosurgery of intra-cranial lesions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1991 Aug; 21(3):683-93.

144. Nedzi LA, Kooy H, Alexander E, Gelman RS, Loeffler JS. Variables associated with the development of complications from radiosurgery of intracranial tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1991 Aug; 21(3):591-9.

145. Tsai JS, Buck BA, Svensson GK, Alexander E, Cheng CW, Mannarino EG, Loeffler JS. Quality assurance in stereotactic radiosurgery using a standard linear accelerator. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1991 Aug; 21(3):737-48.

146. Rossitch E, Alexander E, Black PM, Cooke JP. L-arginine normalizes endothelial function in cerebral vessels from hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Clin Invest. 1991 Apr; 87(4):1295-9.

147. Carvalho PA, Schwartz RB, Alexander E, Loeffler JS, Zimmerman RE, Nagel JS, Holman BL. Extracranial metastatic glioblastoma: appearance on thallium-201-chloride/technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT images. J Nucl Med. 1991 Feb; 32(2):322-4.

148. Alexander E, Loeffler JS. Radiosurgery: enhancement of clinical excellence. Introduction. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1991; 57(1-2):5-6.

149. Alexander E. The blasted pheasant. Br J Neurosurg. 1991; 5(2):183-5.

150. Alexander E. Cranial tangential gunshot wounds. Br J Neurosurg. 1991; 5(5):525.

151. Alexander E. Impalement of the head. Br J Neurosurg. 1991; 5(4):438.

152. Loeffler JS, Alexander E, Hochberg FH, Wen PY, Morris JH, Schoene WC, Siddon RL, Morse RH, Black PM. Clinical patterns of failure following stereotactic interstitial irradiation for malignant gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1990 Dec; 19(6):1455-62.

153. Loeffler JS, Rossitch E, Siddon R, Moore MR, Rockoff MA, Alexander E. Role of stereotactic radiosurgery with a linear accelerator in treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations and tumors in children. Pediatrics. 1990 May; 85(5):774-82.

154. Loeffler JS, Siddon RL, Wen PY, Nedzi LA, Alexander E. Stereotactic radiosurgery of the brain using a standard linear accelerator: a study of early and late effects. Radiother Oncol. 1990 Apr; 17(4):311-21.

155. Loeffler JS, Kooy HM, Wen PY, Fine HA, Cheng CW, Mannarino EG, Tsai JS, Alexander E. The treatment of recurrent brain metastases with stereotactic radiosurgery. J Clin Oncol. 1990 Apr; 8(4):576-82.

156. Loeffler JS, Alexander E. The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of intracranial tumors. Oncology (Williston Park). 1990 Mar; 4(3):21-31; discussion 32, 37, 41.

157. Rossitch E, Moore MR, Alexander E, Black PM. Historical vignette. The neurosurgeon's neurosurgeon: cushing operates on a Penfield. Surg Neurol. 1990 Feb; 33(2):150-3.

158. Crawford JM, Rossitch E, Oakes WJ, Alexander E. Arteriovenous malformation of the great vein of Galen associated with patent ductus arteriosus. Report of three cases and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 1990 Jan; 6(1):18-22.

159. Loeffler JS, Alexander E, Siddon RL, Saunders WM, Coleman CN, Winston KR. Stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial arteriovenous malformations using a standard linear accelerator. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1989 Sep; 17(3):673-7.

160. Alexander E, Siddon RL, Loeffler JS. The acute onset of nausea and vomiting following stereotactic radiosurgery: correlation with total dose to area postrema. Surg Neurol. 1989 Jul; 32(1):40-4.

161. Alexander E. Traumatic extradural spinal cyst. Br J Neurosurg. 1989; 3(6):743-4.

162. Alexander E, Rossitch E, Small K, Rosenwasser GO, Abson P. Merkel cell carcinoma. Long term survival in a patient with proven brain metastasis and presumed choroid metastasis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1989; 91(4):317-20.

163. Rossitch E, Carrazana EJ, Ellenbogen R, Alexander E. Kluver-Bucy syndrome following recovery from transtentorial herniation. Br J Neurosurg. 1989; 3(4):503-6.

164. Alexander E. Historical vignette. Problems, progress and change of perception. Surg Neurol. 1988 Nov; 30(5):408.

165. Alexander E. "The profound proclamation of a young man" by Harvey Cushing. Surg Neurol. 1988 Jun; 29(6):491-3.

166. Alexander E. Ernest Sachs (1879-1958): the first secretary--the power behind the throne. Neurosurgery. 1986 Jan; 18(1):115-7.

167. Frau LM, Alexander ER. Public health implications of sexually transmitted diseases in pediatric practice. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1985 Sep-Oct; 4(5):453-67.

168. Stamm WE, Harrison HR, Alexander ER, Cles LD, Spence MR, Quinn TC. Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections by direct immunofluorescence staining of genital secretions. A multicenter trial. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Nov; 101(5):638-41.

169. Green SB, Byar DP, Walker MD, Pistenmaa DA, Alexander E, Batzdorf U, Brooks WH, Hunt WE, Mealey J, Odom GL, Paoletti P, Ransohoff J, Robertson JT, Selker RG, Shapiro WR, Smith KR, Wilson CB, Strike TA. Comparisons of carmustine, procarbazine, and high-dose methylprednisolone as additions to surgery and radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant glioma. Cancer Treat Rep. 1983 Feb; 67(2):121-32.

170. Alexander E, Alexander E. German influences on the work of Harvey Cushing, the pioneer of neurosurgery in America. Neurosurgery. 1981 Nov; 9(5):501-5.

171. Bowie WR, Alexander ER, Stimson JB, Floyd JF, Holmes KK. Therapy for nongonococcal urethritis: double-blind randomized comparison of two doses and two durations of minocycline. Ann Intern Med. 1981 Sep; 95(3):306-11.

172. Alexander E. Postgraduate medical education in neurosurgery at Bowman Gray School of Medicine: program concepts and costs. Neurosurgery. 1981 Feb; 8(2):261-6.

173. Alexander E. Archaeology: the big neurosurgical dig. Clin Neurosurg. 1981; 28:323-73.

174. Alexander E. The ideal shunt for hydrocephalus. Clin Neurosurg. 1981; 28:297-322.

175. Alexander E. Posterior fusions of the cervical spine. Clin Neurosurg. 1981; 28:273-96.

176. Walker MD, Green SB, Byar DP, Alexander E, Batzdorf U, Brooks WH, Hunt WE, MacCarty CS, Mahaley MS, Mealey J, Owens G, Ransohoff J, Robertson JT, Shapiro WR, Smith KR, Wilson CB, Strike TA. Randomized comparisons of radiotherapy and nitrosoureas for the treatment of malignant glioma after surgery. N Engl J Med. 1980 Dec 4; 303(23):1323-9.

177. Hammerschlag MR, Hammerschlag PE, Alexander ER. The role of Chlamydia trachomatis in middle ear effusions in children. Pediatrics. 1980 Oct; 66(4):615-7.

178. Stamm WE, Wagner KF, Amsel R, Alexander ER, Turck M, Counts GW, Holmes KK. Causes of the acute urethral syndrome in women. N Engl J Med. 1980 Aug 21; 303(8):409-15.

179. Alexander E. Decompression and fixation in cervical spine fractures: indications and techniques. Clin Neurosurg. 1980; 27:401-13.

180. Smith H, Moody D, Ball M, Laster W, Kelly DL, Alexander E. The trapped temporal horn: a trap in neuroradiological diagnosis. Neurosurgery. 1979 Aug; 5(2):245-9.

181. Smith HP, Russell JM, Boyce WH, Alexander E. Results of urinary diversion in patients with myelomeningocele. J Neurosurg. 1979 Jun; 50(6):773-8.

182. Walker MD, Alexander E, Hunt WE, MacCarty CS, Mahaley MS, Mealey J, Norrell HA, Owens G, Ransohoff J, Wilson CB, Gehan EA, Strike TA. Evaluation of BCNU and/or radiotherapy in the treatment of anaplastic gliomas. A cooperative clinical trial. J Neurosurg. 1978 Sep; 49(3):333-43.

183. Berger RE, Alexander ER, Monda GD, Ansell J, McCormick G, Holmes KK. Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of acute "idiopathic" epididymitis. N Engl J Med. 1978 Feb 9; 298(6):301-4.

184. Alexander E. Classics in neurosurgery. Fractures of the odontoid. Surg Neurol. 1977 Oct; 8(4):239-42.

185. Bowie WR, Wang SP, Alexander ER, Floyd J, Forsyth PS, Pollock HM, Lin JS, Buchanan TM, Holmes KK. Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis. Evidence for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. J Clin Invest. 1977 May; 59(5):735-42.

186. Alexander E. Franc Douglas Ingraham (1898-1965). Surg Neurol. 1977 Mar; 7(3):107-8.

187. Chiang WT, Alexander ER, Kenny GE. Identification of a tumor-associated antigen in cervical carcinoma by two dimensional (crossed) immunoelectrophoresis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1977 Jan; 58(1):43-8.

188. Walker MD, Alexander E, Hunt WE, Leventhal CM, Mahaley MS, Mealey J, Norrell HA, Owens G, Ransohoff J, Wilson CB, Gehan EA. Evaluation of mithramycin in the treatment of anaplastic gliomas. J Neurosurg. 1976 Jun; 44(6):655-67.

189. Norwood CW, Alexander E, Davis CH, Kelly DL. Recurrent and multiple suture closures after craniectomy for craniosynostosis. J Neurosurg. 1974 Dec; 41(6):715-9.

190. Alexander E. Harvey Cushing operating. Surg Neurol. 1974 Jul; 2(4):228-9.

191. Alexander E. Kenneth George McKenzie, Canada's first neurosurgeon. J Neurosurg. 1974 Jul; 41(1):1-9.

192. Norwood CW, Kelly DL, Davis CH, Alexander E. Irradiation-induced mesodermal tumors of the central nervous system: report of two meningiomas following X-ray treatment for gliomas. Surg Neurol. 1974 May; 2(3):161-4.

193. Kushner J, Alexander E, Davis CH, Kelly DL, Kushner AH. Crouzon's disease (craniofacial dysostosis). Modern diagnosis and treatment. J Neurosurg. 1972 Oct; 37(4):434-41.

194. Alexander E. Surgical management of head injuries in children in the acute phase. Clin Neurosurg. 1972; 19:251-62.

195. Alexander E. Medical management of closed head injuries. Clin Neurosurg. 1972; 19:240-50.

196. Wentworth BB, Alexander ER. Seroepidemiology of infectious due to members of the herpesvirus group. Am J Epidemiol. 1971 Nov; 94(5):496-507.

197. Kushner J, Alexander E, Davis CH, Kelly DL. Kyphoscoliosis following lumbar subarachnoid shunts. J Neurosurg. 1971 Jun; 34(6):783-91.

198. Lassiter KR, Alexander E, Davis CH, Kelly DL. Surgical treatment of brain stem gliomas. J Neurosurg. 1971 Jun; 34(6):719-25.

199. Calogero JA, Alexander E. Unilateral amaurosis in a hydrocephalic child with an obstructed shunt. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1971 Feb; 34(2 Pt 1):236-40.

200. Kushner J, Alexander E. Partial spontaneous regressive arteriovenous malformation; case report with angiographic evidence. J Neurosurg. 1970 Mar; 32(3):360-6.

201. Kelly DL, Alexander E, Davis CH, Maynard DC. Intracranial arteriovenous malformations: clinical review and evaluation of brain scans. J Neurosurg. 1969 Oct; 31(4):422-8.

202. Clarke EJ, Phillips IA, Alexander ER. Adenovirus infection in intussusception in children in Taiwan. JAMA. 1969 Jun 2; 208(9):1671-4.

203. Foy HM, Alexander ER. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in childhood. Adv Pediatr. 1969; 16:301-23.

204. Grayston JT, Kenny GE, Foy HM, Kronmal RA, Alexander ER. Epidemiological studies of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in civilians. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1967 Jul 28; 143(1):436-46.

205. Alexander E. Preliminary report of the National Conference on Education in the Neurological Sciences. J Neurosurg. 1967 Mar; 26(3):297-8.

206. Foy HM, Grayston JT, Kenny GE, Alexander ER, McMahan R. Epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in families. JAMA. 1966 Sep 12; 197(11):859-66.

207. Alexander ER, Foy HM, Kenny GE, Kronmal RA, McMahan R, Clarke ER, MacColl WA, Grayston JT. Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Its incidence in the membership of a co-operative medical group. N Engl J Med. 1966 Jul 21; 275(3):131-6.

208. Detels R, Alexander ER, Dhir SP. Trachoma in Punjabi Indians in British Columbia: a prevalence study with comparisons to India. Am J Epidemiol. 1966 Jul; 84(1):81-91.

209. Davis CH, Alexander E, Witcofski RL, Maynard CD. Brain scanning with 99m-technetium. J Neurosurg. 1966 Jun; 24(6):987-92.

210. Guinee VF, Henderson DA, Casey HL, Wingo ST, Ruthig DW, Cockburn TA, Vinson TO, Calafiore DC, Winkelstein W, Karzon DT, Rathbun ML, Alexander ER, Peterson DR. Cooperative measles vaccine field trial. I. Clinical efficacy. Pediatrics. 1966 Apr; 37(4):649-65.

211. Alexander E, Davis CH, Pikula L. Aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery filling the fourth ventricle. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1966 Jan; 24(1):99-101.

212. Alexander E, Davis CH, Mitchell OC. Treatment of craniosynostosis. Clin Neurosurg. 1964; 11:32-45.

213. DELATORRE E, ALEXANDER E, DAVIS CH, CRANDELL DL. TUMORS OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN. REPORT OF EIGHT CASES, WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR CLINICAL MANAGEMENT. J Neurosurg. 1963 Jun; 20:461-70.

214. FOWLER FD, ALEXANDER E, DAVIS CH. Pinealoma with metastases in the central nervous system; a rationale of treatment. J Neurosurg. 1956 May; 13(3):271-88.

215. MCKENZIE KG, ALEXANDER E. Acoustic neuroma. Clin Neurosurg. 1954; 2:21-36.


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